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Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by brown or grayish-brown patches or discoloration on the skin. These patches typically appear on areas of the face that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. Melasma occurs due to the overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes.

 

Several factors can trigger melasma, including:

 

1. Sun exposure- Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate melanocytes (cells that produce melanin), leading to increased melanin production and the development of melasma.

 

2. Hormonal changes-Melasma is often associated with hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy (chloasma or "the mask of pregnancy") or while taking hormonal contraceptives.

 

3. Genetics-A family history of melasma can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

 

4. Ethnicity-Melasma is more common in individuals with darker skin tones, particularly in people of Asian, African, Hispanic, and Middle Eastern descent.